One may think the best credit rating is gained by someone who owes nothing and lives credit-free. However, the best loan candidates are people who have what is known as “good debt” and who continue to pay that debt off in a timely fashion. Mortgages, home equity loans, auto loans and student loans are all considered “good debt.” Your investment is likely to increase in value over time and you’ll encounter lower interest rates with these debts and you will have the opportunity to show your ability to be a reliable borrower over time. “Bad debt” is considered to be something that costs more than you can afford to purchase on a credit card. Understanding the difference between these two things is the first step in formulating a responsible plan to create clear credit.

Improving credit scores involves avoiding many things. In the order of importance, they are late payments, high credit card balances, closing credit card accounts and having too many in-store charge cards. Late payments carry 35% of the weight in terms of your credit score, so do not take them lightly, even if it’s just a store charge card, a cell phone bill or a rent payment. Your credit score can drop by as little as 20 points or more than 100 points, depending on how often you are late and how many accounts you’re late on, as well as whether you are 30, 60, 90, or more than 120 days late.

Secondly, your credit usage should be no more than 40% of what is offered to you. If your credit line is $1,000, then you should owe no more than $400, and that goes for all lines of credit you have open. If you have any maxed out cards, then pay them down until you hit the 40% mark! Some people think they should close out their accounts to “do the right thing” or “prevent overspending,” although this will decrease your overall credit offering and will reflect negatively on you.

Instead, work on paying those balances down and once you’re finished, aim to purchase one thing a year on those cards to keep them active, and pay them off right away. Lastly, opening and closing store charge cards just to get that 10-15% initial discount is a signal of irresponsible credit behavior and will not result in high scores for your credit.

While you’re trying to improve your credit rating, there are a few common mistakes people make. First, avoid asking a creditor to “lower your credit limit.” Some people assume that will mean less temptation to spend, when instead they should be exercising discipline, learning to live within their means and working at reducing the percentage of total credit used. Remember, you want to be using no more than 40% of the credit that’s extended to you, so by closing accounts you’ll actually magnify your debt. Secondly, don’t make any late payments, as the first one always hurts worse, sometimes by as much as 100 points. The subsequent string of late fees don’t take off as many points generally, but if you re-establish credit again, the worst thing you can do is to miss a payment. The third mistake is consolidating your accounts, since applying for new credit will take off 5-10 points. Applying for an installment loan will improve credit scores though.

Following a bankruptcy, foreclosure or bout of unemployment, improving your credit rating could become an obsession. It never feels good to know you’ve failed at something. If you’re really knee-deep in debt, then you may need a credit counselor or debt relief service to help you sort out the mess. For the long-term, you need to renew your way of thinking about debt. Carefully record your monthly spending, writing down all your bills, incoming assets and expenditures. It can be really eye-opening to see where your money is going! Subtract your fixed expenses, such as rent/mortgage, utilities, auto loans, minimum credit payments from your monthly income and use the leftover cash to spread out to your debt. Make a list of your debts and interest rates, then begin paying the highest interest rate off first, while making minimum monthly payments on the rest. Be sure to take advantage of free credit report services each year at www.AnnualCreditReport.com to keep on top of things.

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Once you have your credit information, you should focus on improving credit scores. Check out your free credit score reports from Equifax, TransUnion and Experian. Credit reporting is voluntary, so the files may all be slightly different. Once you have this credit info, examine your reports for errors. Roughly one-third of credit reports contain serious errors because the credit bureau doesn’t verify the information your creditors send to them. Therefore, keeping clear credit is your responsibility. Some of the items may come off through a dispute, where you send a letter or a photocopy of your credit report with circles around the mistakes and supporting documents to validate your dispute. As for the legitimate blemishes, they’ll be on your credit for up to seven years and will likely only be fixed through consistent on-time bill payment. You can phase out the use of unneeded credit card accounts but do not close them. Simply stop using them and pay then off. Lastly, a secured credit card can help you re-establish regular on-time payment history again.

To file a dispute about your credit information, you should write a dispute letter to each of the three of the credit bureaus, which are Equifax, Experian and TransUnion. In your letter, include the date, your address and name, phone number and social security number. All you have to put is hat the data is wrong and can they update it and then list the wrong info and explain why its wrong. Attach a marked copy of your credit score report and include all previous communication, account records or statements that can help prove your version of events. By letter is the best way to dispute with Equifax and TransUnion, but Experian only allows online disputes. The credit bureaus then have 30 days to check and repair your credit information. Once they are done, they will send you a letter including what was or was not updated. If you’re not happy with the letter, then you can try once more with different documents or get in touch with the creditor to try and resolve.

Often, checking your credit information is the only way of finding an identity theft if you are don’t use one of the identity theft products such as Life Lock who monitor your credit information for you and look for any unusual activity. If you find strange in your credit information that you have positively no explanation for, a loan, a new TV on credit etc. get in touch with the 3 credit agencies as soon as possible and police for advice. Without any type of protection, checking your credit information is probably the only chance to avoid identity theft running amok. It cannot prevent it but at least it stops it getting worse.

Looking at your credit information can be daunting at first if you’ve had a back track record. The worst thing you can do is put everything off and wait for it to go away. If the creditors are really hounding you and you’re not sure how you’ll have the money to cover it all, then your best bet is going through a credit counselor or debt relief agency. If you have one or two bills that are behind or have paid most of your debts off and are just looking to start anew, then you can handle this. The last 24 months constitute 60% of your credit score, so you can turn things around this year simply by paying your bills regularly, in full and on-time.

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